Sangiovese is the most planted grape variety in Italy , covering almost 10% of the total Italian vineyard area. This red grape variety, mainly present in the center and south of the country, asserts itself as the emblematic grape variety of Tuscany , where it is said to have originated.
It is renowned for its powerful and structured wines, with aromas of morello cherry, dried herbs, violet and spices. But it can also give rise to lighter reds and fruity rosés. Due to its long history in the country, it is found under a multitude of other names, which can be confusing for the consumer: Morellino, Prugnolo Gentile, Brunello, etc.
Highly associated with Italian vineyards, Sangiovese is also planted in other wine regions around the world, including Corsica (where it is called Nielluccio), California, Australia and Argentina.
Sangiovese is a relatively difficult grape variety to grow. Due to its early budburst, it is frequently affected by spring frosts. Its maturation being late, it is essential to select well exposed land and drained soils to allow the berries to reach sufficient maturity. Sangiovese thrives on shale and limestone soils. However, fearing extreme heat, it is important to offer it an environment providing a constant, but moderate, supply of water.
This grape variety benefits by nature from a generous yield, winegrowers must choose between volume production, for fruity and lighter wines, or moderate production, by controlling the harvest, in order to obtain more concentrated grapes. Planted in optimal conditions and managed by attentive winegrowers, Sangiovese gives rise to powerful wines, with intense fruity aromas, of excellent quality and with great aging potential.
Here are some prestigious Italian appellations based on Sangiovese: Brunello di Montalcino , Chianti Classico , Vino Nobile di Montepulciano , Morellino di Scansano . It is also included in the blend of “Super Tuscans” – world-famous Tuscan wines – alongside international grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot , Cabernet Franc or Syrah .
In the past, traditional winemaking of Sangiovese grapes consisted of long macerations, lasting more than a month, often with white grapes, followed by fermentation at high temperatures in order to extract as much material as possible. The duration of macerations is now shorter and the fermentation temperature more controlled, the aim being to preserve the aromas of the fruit. On the aging side , the great Sangiovese-based wines were often housed in new French oak barrels, which gave them structure and vanilla aromas. These small containers are gradually giving way to larger ones and the proportion of new wood is decreasing in order to reduce the impact of wood on the wines and to obtain more refined vintages.