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What is the difference between Primitivo and Zinfandel?

grappe de raisin de zinfandel

After years of doubts about the origin of these grape varieties, the similarity between the DNA of Primitivo and Zinfandel confirms that they are indeed two clones of the same grape variety, the origin of which is today assumed to be Croatia. What is its profile and characteristics? In which regions can we find this grape variety and what are its expressions? From Italy to the United States, discover Primitivo/Zinfandel!

The Primitive

Puglia

Primitivo is a historic grape variety from the Puglia region of southern Italy. The very warm Mediterranean climate, the sea breezes and the fertile lands of the region are favorable to the development of this grape variety. One of the challenges for winegrowers is the heterogeneous maturation of grapes within the same cluster. It is therefore necessary to carry out careful sorting to obtain quality wines. Primitivo, however, has good productivity and good resistance to disease, and allows the production of both large volumes and more concentrated wines when its yield is controlled.

Primitivo-based wine styles

Wines intended for the mass market represent the majority of the volume produced. They are often vinified at high temperatures to quickly extract tannins and aromas. In contrast, the vinification of quality wines takes longer and results in the production of more elegant and structured wines, often aged in oak barrels for greater complexity and harmony.

The DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata, Italian appellation system) Primitivo di Manduria is one of the emblematic appellations of the region. The Primitivo enters at least 85% into the final assembly. The slightly higher DOC Gioia del Colle requires 50 to 60% Primitivo, blended with the region's other black grape varieties: Montepulciano, Sangiovese and Negroamaro. The wines of these two appellations are renowned for their body and their pronounced aromatic intensity (cherry jam, fig, vanilla).

Our selection of Primitivo vintages

Pot de Primitivo is a vintage produced in the Salento region, in the heel of the Italian boot. A wine of pleasure, with aromas of cherry and plum, to which are added subtle notes of tobacco. A full-bodied wine, to pair with spicy dishes.

For an intoxicating vintage, turn without hesitation to the Brunilde di Menzione 2019 . This Primitivo di Manduria DOC cuvée benefits from 4 months of aging in barrels and reveals intense aromas of fig, blackberry jam and vanilla. A balanced, ample wine with a carnal texture.

Zinfandel

California

Head to the United States, where Primitivo bears the name Zinfandel. California is the land of choice for Zinfandel. It covers more than 10% of the vineyard, benefiting from a dry Mediterranean climate, conducive to its development. The vines intended to produce quality wines benefit from the fresh influences of the Pacific Ocean and the reliefs. Until the 1990s, Zinfandel was the most widely planted black grape variety in California, but it has since been overtaken by the famous Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir .

What is the difference between Primitivo and Zinfandel?

Although having similar characteristics to its twin brother Primitivo, Zinfandel is less resistant to diseases, particularly gray rot, because its skin is thinner and its berries are larger and more compact. Here again, the level of maturity of the grapes within the same cluster is disparate: certain grapes therefore provide acidity, aromas of fresh fruit and herbaceous notes, while others give notes of dried fruit and jammy.

Zinfandel-based wine styles

White Zinfandel makes up the majority of the volume produced from this grape variety. A term that can be confusing since White Zinfandel is actually a rosé wine. It would be the result of an accident: in the 70s, the producer Sutter Home would have obtained, following the cessation of fermentation, a semi-dry rosé with a low alcohol content, with a deep pink color because having macerated with the skins. This very inexpensive White Zinfandel with strawberry and candy flavors replaced the originally desired dry rosé de saignée and became very popular in the United States. A success which has waned in recent years, as consumers have discovered other types of lighter and refreshing rosés, such as pressed rosés from Provence . Today, some producers are bringing White Zinfandel up to date in a lighter and less sweet version. White Zinfandel therefore still has a future ahead of it.

In red, a Californian Zinfandel can be full-bodied and powerful or, on the contrary, lighter. The common point between these different expressions: you will find intense aromas of jammy red fruits, licorice and sweet spices. The tannins are velvety, medium to high, giving excellent structure to the wines. It is not uncommon to see alcohol levels above 14% vol. The Lodi region is particularly renowned for its Zinfandel, made from very old vines. Other producers from the AVA (American Viticultural Area, American appellation system) of Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Dry Creek Valley or Paso Robles also reveal the qualitative potential of this characterful grape variety.

Our selection of Zinfandel vintages

Made from grapes from the Dry Creek Valley AVA, the 2017 Director's Cut Zinfandel vintage is produced by the Francis Ford Coppola Winery, owned by the famous American director. After careful sorting of the best grapes, the wines are fermented in open barrels, then aged for 12 months in French oak barrels, 20% of which is new wood. This gives rise to a structured and velvety wine, with aromas of blackberry and raspberry and notes of clove and mocha, of remarkable length.

Francis Ford Coppola Winery also produces the 2018 Diamond Collection Zinfandel , a Californian blend combining Zinfandel and Petite Sirah grapes from Paso Robles and Sonoma Valley. The influence of different microclimates results in a balance between freshness and cooked fruit notes. Aging for 12 months in French oak barrels brings touches of sweet spices, which complement the wine's pronounced prune and caramel notes.

What is the difference between Primitivo and Zinfandel?